Biodentine: Composition, Setting Reaction, Properties and Uses

 Biodentine: Composition, Setting Reaction, Uses and Properties

Loss of dentine is perhaps one of the most losses which restrict the integrity of the tooth structure to an enormous extent. Whether be within the coronal or radicular portion, dentine loss must be substituted with a man-made material, which can restore the phyiological integrity of the tooth structure.

Since 1928, Calcium Hydroxide (Dycal) has been standard material used to maintain the pulp Vitality since it stimulates the tertiary dentine formation. However it has some disadvantages like poor bonding to dentine and material resorption.

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What is Biodentin?

"Biodentine” is a calcium silicate based material manufactured by septodont and became commercially available in 2009. It was specifically designed as a “dentine replacement” material.

Biodentin Composition?

Biodentine comes in powder and liquid. The chemical composition of biodentine as follows-

Powder: Packaged in capsule (0.7 g)

Tricalcium Silicate-            Main Core Material

Dicalcium Silicate-             Second Core Materials

Calcium Carbonate-           As Oxide Filler

Iron Oxide-                         Responsible For Shade

Zirconium Oxide-               Radiopacifier

Liquid: packaged in pipette (0.18 ml)

Calcium Chloride-              Accelerator

Hydrosoluble Polymer-      Water Reducing Agent, Fast Setting Time

Water

Setting Reaction?

The powder comes in a capsule which is mixed with the liquid in a triturator for 30 seconds.

Hydration of the tricalcium silicate produces a hydrated calcium silicate gel and calcium hydroxide. 

The unreacted tricalcium silicate is surrounded by calcium silicate hydrated gel, which is relatively impermeable to water, thereby slowing down the results of further reactions.

Setting Time?

Biodentine sets in approximately 10 minutes.

The clinician should make sure that there's no salivary contamination of Biodentine during its initial setting time (10 minutes).

Mechanism of Action?

Biodentine induces mineralization after its application. Mineralization occurs within the type of osteodentine that form reparative dentine.

It releases Calcium ions which results in differentiation, proliferation and Mineralization of pulpal cells. Thus it is successful in pulp therapies.

Ca and hydroxide ions enhances the activity of:

Osteopontin, Alkaline Phosphatase, Pyrophosphatase, Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2(BMP-2) which belongs to the TGF-β which can help in dentine mineralization and therefore the formation of dentine bridge occurs.

Properties of Biodentine?

1. Compressive Strength

There is a sharp increase in the compressive strength reaching more than 100MPa in the first hour.

Then compressive strength continues to improve to reach more than 200MPa at 24h which is more than most glass ionomer value.

Biodentine has a capability to continue improving with time over several days until reaching 300MPa after one month. Thus is in the range of the compressive strength of natural dentine (297MPa).

2. Micro Hardness

There is an increase in the micro hardness of Biodentine with time.

After 1 month, hardness of Biodentine reach in the same range as natural dentine.

3. Bond Strength

Biodentine is recommended for use as a dentine substitute under permanent restorations and perforation repair material.

The sufficient push-out bond strength with dentinal walls for the prevention of dislodgement from the repair site.

Push-out bond strength increases with time.

4. Density and Porosity

The hydro soluble polymer in biodentine reduces the amount of water which has positive influence on density of Biodentine.

The lower porosity of Biodentine leads to higher mechanical strength. Biodentine exhibits lower porosity than Dycal and MTA.

5. Ions Releases

Biodentine has got the ability to release OH¯ and calcium ions

The release of free calcium ion in biodentine is higher than MTA and dycal.

6. Adhesion

There are two hypothesis for adhesion of biodentine

a. Micromechanical anchor tags- Physical process of crystal growth within dentine tubules leading to a micromechanical anchor (tag) which ensuring long lasting seal.

b. Ion exchange b/w cement and dentine.

Adhesive strength of Biodentine is higher than Dycal and MTA.

7. Radio Opacity

Biodentine contains zirconium oxide allowing identification on radiographs.

It has good mechanical properties and resistance to corrosion.

8. Solubility

Grech et al. demonstrated negative solubility values for biodentine

It is due to the deposition of substances such as hydroxyapatite on the material surface when in contact with tissue fluids.

9. Microleakage

Good marginal integrity of biodentine is due to the ability to form hydroxyapatite crystals at the surface.

These crystals might have the potential to increase the sealing ability, especially when formed at the interface of the material with dentinal walls.

10. Discoloration

Biodentine has the color stability.

It could serve as an alternative for use under light-cured restorative materials in areas that are esthetically sensitive.

11. Wash Out Resistance

Washout of a material is defined as the tendency of freshly prepared cement paste to disintegrate upon early contact with fluids such as blood or other fluids.

It has minimum wash out resistance and to avoid this effect, water soluble polymer are added to reduce the water/cement ratio.

12. Biocompatability

Biodentine is less toxic as compared to glass ionomers.

In a study by laurent et al. biodentine was found to significantly increase TGF- β1 secretion from pulp cells.TGF is a growth factor whose role in angiogenesis, recruitment of progenitor cells, cell differentiation, and mineralization.

13. Antibacterial Property

Biodentine exhibits significant amount of antibacterial activity.

Calcium hydroxide ions released from biodentine increases pH to 12 which inhibits the microorganisms growth and can disinfect the dentine.

Advantages of Biodentine?

High Purity

Highly Biocompatible And Bioactive

Short Setting Time

Easily Material Handling

Versatile

Superior Mechanical Properties

Excellent Sealing Properties

Excellent Antibacterial Properties

Universal

Clinical Applications/Uses of Biodentine